PHWR Public Health Weekly Report

Vol.14 No.7, February 10, 2021 Article TypeEpidemiology and Surveillance

• Epidemiology and Surveillance 2021-02-10

  0 297 71

  Incidences of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Korea, 2019

  An Juyeon, Kweon Sanghui, Yoon Hajung

  Public Health Weekly Report 2021; 14(7): 346-357

  

  

  Abstract

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  The Korea Sudden Cardiac Arrest Survey has been conducted annually, which could support to make and evaluate policy for the prevention and treatment of sudden cardiac arrest. Based on the first aid activity log of 2019, 30,782 cases of sudden cardiac arrest in out-of-hospitals were happened in Korea. The rate of men was 64.6%, and 51.5% of the cases were 70 years of age and over.The cases of Gyeonggi, 6,848 was the highest of those of cities and provinces, and the Seoul 4,424, Gyeongnam 2,167, and Gyeongbuk 2,157 were followed. The survival rate and brain function recovery rate were 8.7 % and 5.4 %, respectively. Despite the continued increase since 2006, these rates were still low. The rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystander had been also increased, the higher survival rate was examined in the cases with cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystander. It could be a useful evidence that cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed on patients with sudden cardiac arrest.

• Epidemiology and Surveillance 2021-02-10

  0 1612 614

  2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines

  Hwang Sung Oh, Cha Kyoung-chul, Chung Sung Phil, Kim Young-Min, Park June Dong, Kim Han-Suk, Lee Mi Jin, Na Sang-Hoon, Cho Gyu Chong, Kim Ai-Rhan Ellen, Yoon Hajung, Kweon Sanghui

  Public Health Weekly Report 2021; 14(7): 358-369

  

  

  Abstract

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  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines are a set of medical recommendations for cardiac arrest treatment based on scientific evidence. Korea has been updating its CPR guidelines every five years since the first CPR guidelines were established in 2006 by the Korean Association of CPR. The aim of this paper is to introduce the 2020 Korean CPR Guidelines. Findings indicated that the major changes included: 1) the concept of the environment for cardiac arrest survival and the new chain of survival; 2) the enhanced role of the emergency medical dispatcher in recognizing cardiac arrest and providing CPR through witnesses; 3) modification of priority in the maneuvers for managing foreign body airway obstruction; 4) recommendations for the duration of on-site CPR; 5) new recommendations for advanced airway management, drugs, and pediatric defibrillation energy; 6) new recommendations for target temperature management, emergency coronary angiography, neurological prognostication, and rehabilitation of cardiac arrest survivors; 7) new recommendations for encouragement to monitor the quality of cardiac arrest treatment performance; 8) new recommendations for using social media; 9) new education processes, and 10) guidelines for CPR for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or those suspected infection. We plans to develop training programs and distribute the guidelines for public use based on the 2020 Korean CPR guidelines were recommended.

• Epidemiology and Surveillance 2021-02-10

  0 755 310

  Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Non-Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Children with Pneumonia in Korea, 2018-2019

  Kim Sohyeon, Kim Donghyeok, Hwang Kyujam, Lee Chae-Young, Yoo Jae-il, Jung Sang Oun

  Public Health Weekly Report 2021; 14(7): 370-377

  

  

  Abstract

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  S. pneumoniae is a causative pathogen that accounts for 25-40% of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and which causes non-invasive infections such as otitis media and sinusitis and invasive diseases including bacteremia and meningitis. The pneumococcal vaccine prevents infection caused by a major serotype that is highly associated with infectious diseases among 94 serotypes of pneumococcal. Recently, a national pneumococcal vaccination program caused a serotype replacement phenomenon in which infection with the vaccine serotype decreased and the disease caused by non-vaccinated serotypes not included in the vaccine increased.
  This paper analyzed the characteristics of 84 strains of S. pneumoniae from sputum specimens collected through the pediatric pneumonia monitoring project from 2018 to 2019. The distribution of age showed 0-3 years old (73%), 4-6 years old (16%), 7-9 years old (6%), 10 years old or older (1%) and unknown (4%). Serotype distribution analysis showed that the major serotypes were 23A (14.3%), 6C (13.1%), 10A (8.3%), 15B (8.3%), 23B (8.3%), 35B (8.3%), 34 (7.1%), followed by 19F (6.0%), and these serotypes accounted for 73.8% of the total with 62 strains. A total of 65.5% (55 isolates) were non-vaccinated serotypes, and 16.0% (17 isolates) were included in the PPSV23 vaccine. The serotypes included in the PCV10 vaccine and PCV13 vaccine were 6.0% (5 isolates) and 4.8% (4 isolates), respectively. As a result of 16 antibiotic susceptibility tests by broth microdilution method, the resistance rates to Azithromycin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline were 77.4%, 82.1%, 77.4%, 61.9%, 77.4%, and 66.7%, respectively. Multi-drug resistant bacteria that were simultaneously resistant to three or more antibiotic classes was 74 strains (88.1%), respectively. Therefore, this paper concluded that continuous serotype analysis and antibiotic resistance monitoring is necessary for evaluating pneumococcal vaccine efficacy and management to S. pneumoniae infection.