Epidemiology and Surveillance
Split ViewerPublic Health Weekly Report 2021; 14(14): 800-811
Published online April 1, 2021
© The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Monitoring of Japanese Encephalitis Vector Mosquitoes (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) in Korea, 2020
Kim Tae-Kyu, Jang Chang-won, Seo Min-Goo, Kim Hyunwoo, Lee Hee il
Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
In order to monitoring of Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak in South Korea, vector mosquitoes were collected by operating black light trap in twice a week at nine locations across the whole country from April to October 2020. The number of individuals collected per trap per day was calculated and analyzed for comparison. In 2020 collecting period, 10,635 mosquitoes were collected, which marked a 53.7% decrease from 2019 when 22,962 mosquitoes were collected. Among the total mosquitoes density, the occurrence rate of vector mosquitoes density was 16.5% in 2020; a 8.5% increase from 2019. Due to the low average temperature and large number of precipitation days and amounts, the total number of mosquitoes decreased in the summer months of 2020.
In addition, large amounts of precipitation in late summer and warmer temperature in early autumn contributed to the creation of suitable habitats for vector mosquito larvae growth. Thus, the rate of occurrence of vector mosquitoes increased from 2019. 2020 JE watch and warning were issued on March 26 and July 23, respectively, and we need continuously monitoring and data analysis in high JE outbreak regions.
Key words Japanese encephalitis, vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus
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Table 1. Total number of mosquitoes by species in 2020 Species Number of mosquitoes (%) Aedes vexans nipponii 82,416 (43.4) Anopheles spp. 63,024 (33.2) Culex tritaeniorhynchus 31,395 (16.5) Culex pipiens pallens 6,815 (3.6) Armigeres subalbatus 4,280 (2.3) Ochlerotatus koreicus 1,372 (0.7) Culex orientalis 290 (0.2) Ochlerotatus togoi 118 (0.1) Aedes albopictus 72 (<0.1) Mansonia uniformis 72 (<0.1) Culex bitaeniorhynchus 23 (<0.1) Culex vagans 10 (<0.1) Coquillettidia ochracea 6 (<0.1) Ochlerotatus dorsalis 5 (<0.1) Total 189,898 (100.0)
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Table 2. First collected week and occurrence population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus by region in 2020 City·Province Region First week of collected Ct* Weeks of Ct* over 50% population Gangwon Chuncheon-si 28 - Chungbuk Cheongju-si 33 - Chungnam Yesan-gun 29 - Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan-si 26 - Jeonbuk Jeonju-si 24 36 (72%) Gyeongnam Jinju-si 25 - JeonNam Hwasun-gun 22 - Busan Gijang-gun 15 - Jeju Jeju-si 15 - *Ct : Culex tritaeniorhynchus
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Figure 1. Outbreaks of total mosquitoes and vector mosquitoes by year (2015 to 2020)
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Figure 2. Monthly incidences of total mosquitoes in 2020
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Figure 3. Weekly incidences of total mosquitoes in 2020
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Figure 4. Monthly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 2020
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Figure 5. Weekly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 2020
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Figure 6. The proportion of Culex tritaeniorhynchus to total mosquitoes in 2020
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Figure 7. Accumulative monitoring status of total mosquitoes and Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 2020
- World Health Organization, Newsroom (who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/japanese-encephalitis).
- 예방접종관리과 (2020) 예방접종 대상 감염병 관리 지침. 질병관리본부. 238pp.
- Yeom JS. Current status and outlook of mosquito-borne diseases in Korea. J Korean Med Assoc 2017;60(6):468-474.
- 질병관리청, 감염병포털(kdca.go.kr/npt/biz/npp/nppMain.do).
- Read and Moon. Simulation of Development and Survival of Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae and Pupae. Environmental Entomology 25(5):1113-1121.
- Mogi M, Okazawa T. Development of Anopheles sinensis immatures (Diptera: Culicidae) in the field: effects of temperature and nutrition. Medical Entomology and Zoology 1996;47(4):355-362.
- Wada Y, Omori N. Ecology of Vector Mosquitoes of Japanese Encephalitis, Especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus: 4. Development of Immature Stages of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus with Particular Reference to Temperature in Spring and Autumn. Tropical Medicine 1971;13(4):193-199.
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Public Health Weekly Report 2021; 14(14): 800-811
Published online April 1, 2021
Copyright © The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
Monitoring of Japanese Encephalitis Vector Mosquitoes (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) in Korea, 2020
Kim Tae-Kyu, Jang Chang-won, Seo Min-Goo, Kim Hyunwoo, Lee Hee il
Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
Abstract
In order to monitoring of Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak in South Korea, vector mosquitoes were collected by operating black light trap in twice a week at nine locations across the whole country from April to October 2020. The number of individuals collected per trap per day was calculated and analyzed for comparison. In 2020 collecting period, 10,635 mosquitoes were collected, which marked a 53.7% decrease from 2019 when 22,962 mosquitoes were collected. Among the total mosquitoes density, the occurrence rate of vector mosquitoes density was 16.5% in 2020; a 8.5% increase from 2019. Due to the low average temperature and large number of precipitation days and amounts, the total number of mosquitoes decreased in the summer months of 2020.
In addition, large amounts of precipitation in late summer and warmer temperature in early autumn contributed to the creation of suitable habitats for vector mosquito larvae growth. Thus, the rate of occurrence of vector mosquitoes increased from 2019. 2020 JE watch and warning were issued on March 26 and July 23, respectively, and we need continuously monitoring and data analysis in high JE outbreak regions.
Keywords: Japanese encephalitis, vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus
Body
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Total number of mosquitoes by species in 2020 Species Number of mosquitoes (%) Aedes vexans nipponii 82,416 (43.4) Anopheles spp. 63,024 (33.2) Culex tritaeniorhynchus 31,395 (16.5) Culex pipiens pallens 6,815 (3.6) Armigeres subalbatus 4,280 (2.3) Ochlerotatus koreicus 1,372 (0.7) Culex orientalis 290 (0.2) Ochlerotatus togoi 118 (0.1) Aedes albopictus 72 (<0.1) Mansonia uniformis 72 (<0.1) Culex bitaeniorhynchus 23 (<0.1) Culex vagans 10 (<0.1) Coquillettidia ochracea 6 (<0.1) Ochlerotatus dorsalis 5 (<0.1) Total 189,898 (100.0)
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First collected week and occurrence population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus by region in 2020 City·Province Region First week of collected Ct* Weeks of Ct* over 50% population Gangwon Chuncheon-si 28 - Chungbuk Cheongju-si 33 - Chungnam Yesan-gun 29 - Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan-si 26 - Jeonbuk Jeonju-si 24 36 (72%) Gyeongnam Jinju-si 25 - JeonNam Hwasun-gun 22 - Busan Gijang-gun 15 - Jeju Jeju-si 15 - *Ct : Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
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Figure 1. Outbreaks of total mosquitoes and vector mosquitoes by year (2015 to 2020)
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Figure 2. Monthly incidences of total mosquitoes in 2020
-
Figure 3. Weekly incidences of total mosquitoes in 2020
-
Figure 4. Monthly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 2020
-
Figure 5. Weekly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 2020
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Figure 6. The proportion of Culex tritaeniorhynchus to total mosquitoes in 2020
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Figure 7. Accumulative monitoring status of total mosquitoes and Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 2020
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Total number of mosquitoes by species in 2020 Species Number of mosquitoes (%) Aedes vexans nipponii 82,416 (43.4) Anopheles spp. 63,024 (33.2) Culex tritaeniorhynchus 31,395 (16.5) Culex pipiens pallens 6,815 (3.6) Armigeres subalbatus 4,280 (2.3) Ochlerotatus koreicus 1,372 (0.7) Culex orientalis 290 (0.2) Ochlerotatus togoi 118 (0.1) Aedes albopictus 72 (<0.1) Mansonia uniformis 72 (<0.1) Culex bitaeniorhynchus 23 (<0.1) Culex vagans 10 (<0.1) Coquillettidia ochracea 6 (<0.1) Ochlerotatus dorsalis 5 (<0.1) Total 189,898 (100.0)
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First collected week and occurrence population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus by region in 2020 City·Province Region First week of collected Ct* Weeks of Ct* over 50% population Gangwon Chuncheon-si 28 - Chungbuk Cheongju-si 33 - Chungnam Yesan-gun 29 - Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan-si 26 - Jeonbuk Jeonju-si 24 36 (72%) Gyeongnam Jinju-si 25 - JeonNam Hwasun-gun 22 - Busan Gijang-gun 15 - Jeju Jeju-si 15 - *Ct : Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
References
- World Health Organization, Newsroom (who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/japanese-encephalitis).
- 예방접종관리과 (2020) 예방접종 대상 감염병 관리 지침. 질병관리본부. 238pp.
- Yeom JS. Current status and outlook of mosquito-borne diseases in Korea. J Korean Med Assoc 2017;60(6):468-474.
- 질병관리청, 감염병포털(kdca.go.kr/npt/biz/npp/nppMain.do).
- Read and Moon. Simulation of Development and Survival of Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae and Pupae. Environmental Entomology 25(5):1113-1121.
- Mogi M, Okazawa T. Development of Anopheles sinensis immatures (Diptera: Culicidae) in the field: effects of temperature and nutrition. Medical Entomology and Zoology 1996;47(4):355-362.
- Wada Y, Omori N. Ecology of Vector Mosquitoes of Japanese Encephalitis, Especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus: 4. Development of Immature Stages of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus with Particular Reference to Temperature in Spring and Autumn. Tropical Medicine 1971;13(4):193-199.
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