Epidemiology and Surveillance
Split ViewerPublic Health Weekly Report 2022; 15(18): 1188-1201
Published online May 4, 2022
© The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Surveillance status of the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the Republic of Korea, 2021
Hyun-Il Shin, BoGyeong Han, Hee Il Lee
Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
To monitor a Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak in the Republic of Korea, vector mosquitoes were collected by operating black light traps at cowsheds twice a week at eleven locations across the whole country from April to October 2021. The number of individuals collected per day were calculated and analyzed for comparison. In 2021, the total number of mosquitoes collected was 16,249 individuals, which marked a 52.8% value increase when compared to 2020 (total number of mosquitoes: 10,635 individuals). Among the total mosquitoes density, the occurrence rate of vector mosquitoes density was 6.1% in 2021, and 16.5% value is decreased compared to 2020. Due to the high average temperature, the number of vector mosquitoes in 2021 decreased.
The 2021 JE advisory was issued on March 22, when the first vector mosquitoes were collected, and the alert was issued on August 5, 2022, when the number of vector mosquitoes increased. More information can be found on the website of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (http://www.kdca.go.kr).
Key words Japanese encephalitis, Vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus
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Table 1. Total number of mosquitoes collected by species (2021) Species Number of mosquitoes (%) Aedes vexans nipponii 184,546 (63.3) Ochlerotatus koreicus 1,526 (0.5) Ochlerotatus togoi 256 (0.1) Aedes albopictus 204 (0.1) Ochlerotatus hatorii 130 (<0.1) Ochlerotatus nipponicus 68(<0.1) Ochlerotatus dorsalis 5(<0.1) Ochlerotatus japonicus 4(<0.1) Anopheles spp. 79,438 (27.3) Culex tritaeniorhynchus 17,528 (6.0) Culex pipiens pallens 4,121 (1.4) Culex orientalis 282 (0.1) Culex bitaeniorhynchus 101 (<0.1) Culex vagans 1 (<0.1) Armigeres subalbatus 3,151 (1.1) Mansonia uniformis 44 (<0.1) Coquillettidia ochracea 0 (<0.1) Total 291,405
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Table 2. First collected week and occurrence population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus by region (2021) City·Province region First week of collected Cta 2020 2021 Interval Gangwon Chuncheon-si 28 35 7 weeks Chungbuk Cheongju-si 28 30 2 weeks Chungnam Yesan-gun 28 34 6 weeks Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan-si 26 32 6 weeks Jeonbuk Jeonju-si 25 25 - Gyeongnam Jinju-si 24 23 △1 weeks JeonNam Hwasun-gun 22 23 1 weeks Busan Gijang-gun 15 14 △1 weeks Jeju Jeju-si 15 14 △1 weeks a Ct: Culex tritaeniorhynchus
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Figure 1. Recent outbreaks of total mosquitoes and vector mosquitoes by year (2017-2021)
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Figure 2. Weekly incidences of total mosquitoes (11 locations)
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Figure 3. Monthly incidences of total mosquitoes (2021)
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Figure 4. Monthly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (2021)
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Figure 5. Weekly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (11 locations)
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Figure 6. Monthly incidence proportion of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (2021)
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Figure 7. Accumulative monitoring status of total mosquitoes and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (11 locations)
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Figure 8. Incidence of Japanese encephalitis patients by region (2020-2021)
- World Health Organization (c2022). Newsroom.
Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/japanese-encephalitis. (cited 2022 Apr 10) - 예방접종관리과. 예방접종 대상 감염병 관리 지침. 질병관리본부; 2020. p.238.
- 질병관리청, 국가건강정보포털. 접속 주소: https://health.kdca.go.kr/healthinfo/ (접속일: 2022. 4. 10)
- 질병관리청, 감염병포털. 접속 주소: https://www.kdca.go.kr/npt/biz/npp/nppMain.do (접속일: 2022. 4. 10.)
- Read and Moon. Simulation of Development and Survival of Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae and Pupae. Environmental Entomology 1996;25(5):1113-1121.
- Mogi M, Okazawa T. Development of Anopheles sinensis immatures (Diptera: Culicidae) in the field: effects of temperature and nutrition. Medical Entomology and Zoology 1996;47(4):355-362.
- Wada Y, Omori N. Ecology of Vector Mosquitoes of Japanese Encephalitis, Especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus. 4, Development of Immature Stages of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus with Particular Reference to Temperature in Spring and Autumn. Tropical Medicine 1971;13(4):193-199.
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Public Health Weekly Report 2022; 15(18): 1188-1201
Published online May 4, 2022
Copyright © The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
Surveillance status of the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the Republic of Korea, 2021
Hyun-Il Shin, BoGyeong Han, Hee Il Lee
Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA)
Abstract
To monitor a Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak in the Republic of Korea, vector mosquitoes were collected by operating black light traps at cowsheds twice a week at eleven locations across the whole country from April to October 2021. The number of individuals collected per day were calculated and analyzed for comparison. In 2021, the total number of mosquitoes collected was 16,249 individuals, which marked a 52.8% value increase when compared to 2020 (total number of mosquitoes: 10,635 individuals). Among the total mosquitoes density, the occurrence rate of vector mosquitoes density was 6.1% in 2021, and 16.5% value is decreased compared to 2020. Due to the high average temperature, the number of vector mosquitoes in 2021 decreased.
The 2021 JE advisory was issued on March 22, when the first vector mosquitoes were collected, and the alert was issued on August 5, 2022, when the number of vector mosquitoes increased. More information can be found on the website of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (http://www.kdca.go.kr).
Keywords: Japanese encephalitis, Vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus
Body
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Total number of mosquitoes collected by species (2021) Species Number of mosquitoes (%) Aedes vexans nipponii 184,546 (63.3) Ochlerotatus koreicus 1,526 (0.5) Ochlerotatus togoi 256 (0.1) Aedes albopictus 204 (0.1) Ochlerotatus hatorii 130 (<0.1) Ochlerotatus nipponicus 68(<0.1) Ochlerotatus dorsalis 5(<0.1) Ochlerotatus japonicus 4(<0.1) Anopheles spp. 79,438 (27.3) Culex tritaeniorhynchus 17,528 (6.0) Culex pipiens pallens 4,121 (1.4) Culex orientalis 282 (0.1) Culex bitaeniorhynchus 101 (<0.1) Culex vagans 1 (<0.1) Armigeres subalbatus 3,151 (1.1) Mansonia uniformis 44 (<0.1) Coquillettidia ochracea 0 (<0.1) Total 291,405
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First collected week and occurrence population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus by region (2021) City·Province region First week of collected Cta 2020 2021 Interval Gangwon Chuncheon-si 28 35 7 weeks Chungbuk Cheongju-si 28 30 2 weeks Chungnam Yesan-gun 28 34 6 weeks Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan-si 26 32 6 weeks Jeonbuk Jeonju-si 25 25 - Gyeongnam Jinju-si 24 23 △1 weeks JeonNam Hwasun-gun 22 23 1 weeks Busan Gijang-gun 15 14 △1 weeks Jeju Jeju-si 15 14 △1 weeks a Ct: Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
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Figure 1. Recent outbreaks of total mosquitoes and vector mosquitoes by year (2017-2021)
-
Figure 2. Weekly incidences of total mosquitoes (11 locations)
-
Figure 3. Monthly incidences of total mosquitoes (2021)
-
Figure 4. Monthly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (2021)
-
Figure 5. Weekly incidences of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (11 locations)
-
Figure 6. Monthly incidence proportion of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (2021)
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Figure 7. Accumulative monitoring status of total mosquitoes and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (11 locations)
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Figure 8. Incidence of Japanese encephalitis patients by region (2020-2021)
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Total number of mosquitoes collected by species (2021) Species Number of mosquitoes (%) Aedes vexans nipponii 184,546 (63.3) Ochlerotatus koreicus 1,526 (0.5) Ochlerotatus togoi 256 (0.1) Aedes albopictus 204 (0.1) Ochlerotatus hatorii 130 (<0.1) Ochlerotatus nipponicus 68(<0.1) Ochlerotatus dorsalis 5(<0.1) Ochlerotatus japonicus 4(<0.1) Anopheles spp. 79,438 (27.3) Culex tritaeniorhynchus 17,528 (6.0) Culex pipiens pallens 4,121 (1.4) Culex orientalis 282 (0.1) Culex bitaeniorhynchus 101 (<0.1) Culex vagans 1 (<0.1) Armigeres subalbatus 3,151 (1.1) Mansonia uniformis 44 (<0.1) Coquillettidia ochracea 0 (<0.1) Total 291,405
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First collected week and occurrence population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus by region (2021) City·Province region First week of collected Cta 2020 2021 Interval Gangwon Chuncheon-si 28 35 7 weeks Chungbuk Cheongju-si 28 30 2 weeks Chungnam Yesan-gun 28 34 6 weeks Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan-si 26 32 6 weeks Jeonbuk Jeonju-si 25 25 - Gyeongnam Jinju-si 24 23 △1 weeks JeonNam Hwasun-gun 22 23 1 weeks Busan Gijang-gun 15 14 △1 weeks Jeju Jeju-si 15 14 △1 weeks a Ct: Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
References
- World Health Organization (c2022). Newsroom. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/japanese-encephalitis. (cited 2022 Apr 10)
- 예방접종관리과. 예방접종 대상 감염병 관리 지침. 질병관리본부; 2020. p.238.
- 질병관리청, 국가건강정보포털. 접속 주소: https://health.kdca.go.kr/healthinfo/ (접속일: 2022. 4. 10)
- 질병관리청, 감염병포털. 접속 주소: https://www.kdca.go.kr/npt/biz/npp/nppMain.do (접속일: 2022. 4. 10.)
- Read and Moon. Simulation of Development and Survival of Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae and Pupae. Environmental Entomology 1996;25(5):1113-1121.
- Mogi M, Okazawa T. Development of Anopheles sinensis immatures (Diptera: Culicidae) in the field: effects of temperature and nutrition. Medical Entomology and Zoology 1996;47(4):355-362.
- Wada Y, Omori N. Ecology of Vector Mosquitoes of Japanese Encephalitis, Especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus. 4, Development of Immature Stages of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus with Particular Reference to Temperature in Spring and Autumn. Tropical Medicine 1971;13(4):193-199.
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